The two great designs that build every living thing
The specialised rooms that keep a eukaryotic cell alive
How the cell membrane controls what gets in and out
How microscopes let us see — and understand — cells
Turning what you see down the microscope into real measurements
How substances move without the cell spending any energy
The special case of water moving across membranes
Moving substances when the cell has to spend energy
Why cells stay small — the geometry that limits life
Why every cell needs a constant supply of ATP
How chloroplasts turn light into chemical energy
How captured energy is used to build glucose
The first, oxygen-free steps of releasing energy from glucose
The oxygen-using stages that release most of the ATP
The biological catalysts that make life’s reactions possible
Temperature, pH and concentration — and what denaturing means